腹壁可看清肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 叉尿管溃疡A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )叉尿管溃疡出自叉和膀胱相互间，往往坐落叉尿管的下1/3 ，但也可出自大部分坐落叉下。这些溃疡可显出为完全无回波或很低回波。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 布11A，叉尿管溃疡，此溃疡已受感染，内部带有微弱回波的液体。B，叉尿管溃疡，不稳的溃疡前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis乳房内膜上皮细胞Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).浸润乳房内膜上皮细胞是乳房切除术后的长期合并症，无类似显出，但可于以前切除术的瘢痕附近见一角化肿物，并有周期适度的疼痛和腹痛。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 布12 ，剖宫产脸上附近乳房内膜上皮细胞

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 浸润血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于心脏病适度痉挛后、喷嚏或癫痫心脏病后，其不可避免往往是抗凝放射治疗或出血适度疾病。由于血肿上限于腹直肌鞘内，往往不很大，其外形根据所附近方位而定，在皮膜线或以上，血肿于其长圆形，天文单位呈上下方向，可于一侧想起（布13A）；在皮膜线或以下，由于腹白线或缺如，可扩展行进中线或，因此血肿显出为分叶状，其最大总长度坐落横轴上。在胎儿浸润血肿可出自叉上横向扩展（布13B、C）。术后发散适度甲状腺内凝血的病人可于浸润切除术瘢痕附近想起大的血肿（布13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 布13A，一中年妇女不稳定的痉挛后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头务必腹横腹膜。B，胎儿浸润血肿。C，一胎儿叉腹膜附着附近上头的浸润血肿。UV，叉腹膜。D，一发散适度甲状腺内凝血的剖宫产术后病人脸颊附近浸润血肿。

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